Republic Turkey includes the south-western part of the Balkan Peninsula and Asia Minor. The Sea of Marmara and the straits of Bosporus and Dardanelles separate Asian Turkey from Europe. The shores of the Turkey are washed by the Mediterranean, Aegean and Black seas.

On land, Turkey has borders with Bulgaria, Greece, Syria, Iraq, and the USSR. The nation is made up of Turks, Kurds, some Arabs and others. Religion followed is Islam. Official language is Turkish.

Ankara at 850 meters is the national capital has existed since Bronze Age. Anitkabir is visited for its blend in architecture constructed in modern era. The Museum of Anatolian Civilization, the painting and sculpture museum, the ethnographical museum, the museum of Liberation, the national history museum and the museum of the republic are well displayed and give an eyes view of the distant past.

Then there is the 5th century temple of Augusts, the Roman Bath, the column of Julian all related to antiquity. Other prominent monuments are Victory Monument, Hatti Monument etc. There are many revered mosques like Haci Baryram Mosque, Aslanhane Mosque, Yeni Mosque, Kocatepe Mosque, Ahi Elvan Mosque and the Alaaddin Mosque.

Some of the major cities are Istanbul, Izmir, Adana, Gaziantep and Bursa. Chief rivers are Euphrates, Murat, Kizil and Gediz. Largest Lakes are Van a mountain lake in the east, Tuz, and Beysehir. Highest elevation is Ararat at 5165 m; it is an extinct volcano on the Armenian Plateau. Climate is Mediterranean on the coast; arid and warm in the interiors.

The European part of Turkey, known as Eastern Thrace, is hilly. The interior of the Asian part of Turkey is occupied by the Anatolian Plateau, which is fringed by mountain ranges, namely the Pontic Mountains in the north, the Anti-Taurus and Taurus Ranges in the south and the rugged Armenian Plateau in the east.  The nation is located on the earthquake zone.

The Asian interior contains steppes which give way to rocky deserts in places. Although Turkey has little forest, its wildlife is fairly rich, including antelope, red deer, various rodents, and migratory birds. The seas surrounding Turkey abound in fish.

The coasts falling on Mediterranean and Aegean have seven wonderful spots to enjoy water as leisure and as sports. It is a land of different hues.